25^th World Cancer Conference October 19-20, 2017 Rome, Italy

Tumour immunology describes the interaction between cells of the immune system with tumour cells. Understanding these interactions is important for the development of new therapies for cancer treatment. In most individuals the immune system recognizes and eliminates Tumor cells. Cancer immunology is a branch of immunology that studies interactions between the immune system and cancer cells (also called tumors or malignancies). It is a field of research that aims to discover cancer immunotherapies to treat and retard progression of the disease. The immune response, including the recognition of cancer-specific antigens, forms the basis of targeted therapy (such as vaccines and antibody therapies) and tumor marker-based diagnostic tests.

Cancer is a genetic disease & is caused by certain changes to genes that control the way our cells function, especially how they grow and divide. These changes include mutations in the DNA that makes up our genes. Some types of cancer run in certain families, but most cancers are not clearly linked to the genes we inherit from our parents. Gene changes that start in a single cell over the course of a person's life cause most cancers. Some people are genetically predisposed to developing certain types of cancer. These people have a higher risk of developing the disease than those in the general public. Genetic testing is now available for some hereditary cancers. Genetic testing involves a simple blood test and may be used to obtain a more precise estimate of your cancer risk. In some cases, genetic testing can be done on stored tissue samples from deceased relatives.

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells to new areas of the body. A metastatic cancer, or metastatic tumour, is one which has spread from the primary site of origin (where it started) into different area(s) of the body. Cancer can also spread regionally, to nearby lymph nodes, tissues, or organs. Metastatic cancers may be found at the same time as the primary tumor, or months or years later. When a second tumor is found in a patient that has been treated for cancer in the past, it is more often a metastasis than another primary tumor. Treatment and survival is determined, to a great extent, by whether or not a cancer remains localized or spreads to other locations in the body. If the cancer metastasizes to other tissues or organs it usually dramatically increases a patient's likelihood of death. Some cancers—such as some forms of leukemia, a cancer of the blood, or malignancies in the brain—can kill without spreading at all.

Cancer Biomarker generally refers to the process which indicates the presence of cancer in the body. Molecular Biomarkers are that can be discovered using basic and acceptable platforms such as genomics and proteomics. Diagnostic and Prognostic Cancer Biomarkers are used to confirm or support a diagnosis. Prognostic biomarkers are used to determine the prognosis or long term outlook for a patient when a disease is already diagnosed. While some cancer biomarkers can be used to predict how aggressively your cancer will grow, and are therefore useful for assessing your prognosis, the most promising use of biomarkers today is to identify which therapies a particular patient’s cancer may or may not respond to.

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. .The most common stem cells therapy is bone marrow transplantation. Stems cells transplant is used to treatment of cancer like leukemia, multiple myeloma & lymphoma. Cord Blood Stem and Cancer cord blood contains haematopoietic (blood) stem cell. They have long been used in stem cell treatments for leukaemia, blood and bone marrow disorders when chemotherapy is used.

Radiation Oncology encompasses all aspects of research that impacts on the treatment of cancer using radiation. Radiation can be given as a curative modality, either alone or in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy. It may also be used palliatively, to relieve symptoms in patients with incurable cancers. The Radiotherapy/radiation therapy is broadly segmented into Teleradiotherapy, Brachy-radiotherapy and Metabolic Radiotherapy. Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the action of ionizing radiation on living things. Nuclear medicine is a branch of medicine that uses radiation to provide information about the functioning of a person's specific organs or to treat disease. It is also known as Nuclide imaging. Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues.

Surgery is used to diagnose stage and treat cancer, and certain cancer-related symptoms. It  is the branch of surgery applied to oncology; it focuses on the surgical management of tumors, especially cancerous tumors. Whether a patient is a candidate for surgery depends on factors such as the type, size, location, grade and stage of the tumor, as well as general health factors such as age, physical fitness and other medical comorbidities. For many patients, surgery will be combined with other cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy or hormone therapy.

Cancer can be treated by different processes. The choice of therapy depends upon the location and grade of the tumour and the stage of the disease, as well as the general state of the patient). A number of experimental cancer treatments are also under development. Some people with cancer will have only one treatment. But most people have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. You may also have immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or hormone therapy.

Cancer Drugs are used not only for treating cancer, but also for relieving symptoms of the cancer (e.g. pain), and side-effects, such as nausea, commonly seen with the various types of treatment. Doctors often treat cancer with 2 or more chemotherapy drugs. And sometimes with other medicines, such as steroids or biological therapies. Anti-cancer drugs destroy cancer cells by stopping growth or multiplication at some point in their life cycles. Drugs may be administered intravenously (into a vein), orally (by mouth), by injection into a muscle, topically (applied to the skin) or in other ways, depending on the drug and the type of cancer.

Alternative cancer treatments may not play a direct role in curing your cancer, but they may help you cope with signs and symptoms caused by cancer and cancer treatments.CAM is the term for medical products and practices that are not part of standard care.

 Integrating the best of evidence-based complementary and alternative cancer treatments with the treatments you receive from your doctor may help relieve many of the symptoms associated with cancer and its treatment.

Clinical trials are research studies that involve people. Today, people are living longer lives from successful cancer treatments that are the results of past clinical trials. Through clinical trials, doctors determine whether new treatments are safe and effective and work better than current treatments. Clinical trials also help us find new ways to prevent and detect cancer. And they help us improve the quality of life for people during and after treatment. Phase I trials evaluate safety, Phase II trials measure effectiveness, and Phase III trials test against best existing cancer treatment.

Oncology Nursing is a field involving  practice encompasses the roles of direct caregiver, educator, consultant, administrator, and researcher. Oncology and cancer nursing extends to all care delivery settings where clients experiencing or at risk for developing cancer receive health care, education, and counselling for cancer prevention, screening and detection.An oncology nurse is a nursing professional who specializes in caring for people with cancer. Oncology nurses often serve as your first line of communication, and help coordinate the many aspects of your care throughout cancer treatment.

A cancer vaccine is a vaccine that either treats existing cancer or prevents development of a cancer. Vaccines that treat existing cancer are known as therapeutic cancer vaccines.

It is estimated that almost 1.5 million people in the USA are diagnosed with cancer every year. However, due to the substantial effect of modifiable lifestyle factors on the most prevalent cancers, it has been estimated that 50% of cancer is preventable. The main behavioural and environmental risk factors for cancer mortality in the world are related to diet and physical inactivity, use of addictive substances, sexual and reproductive health and exposure to air pollution and use of contaminated needles.

If one is fighting cancer, it is not uncommon to experience psychological distress. Whether it is coping with the diagnosis, the challenges of treatment, or continued worry about a recurrence, emotions brought on by the cancer experience can be difficult to handle. Cancer’s effects are far more than physical. Many survivors find that cancer’s impact spills over into the emotional, psychological and spiritual realms. This might happen either during or right after treatment - or not for years. 

The cancer drugs market is driven by the growing prevalence of various types of cancer, increasing demand of biological and targeted drug therapies, continuous patent expiry of key cancer drugs and the rising impact of biosimilars. However, the high cost of drug development, the threat of failure and the adverse effects of cancer drug therapy, particularly chemotherapy, hinders the market growth. Advancement of cancer drug research owing to biological/targeted therapies and personalized medicines hold promising opportunities for pharmaceutical, bio-pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies engaged in developing cancer drugs.

Cancer diagnostics market is witnessing high growth due to increasing prevalence and incidences of several types of cancers. Major drivers for the global cancer diagnostic market are technologically advanced and increasing point-of-care diagnostics, cost-effective treatment modalities, and personalized medicine. Additionally, increasing persistence to provide best-in-class healthcare services with high accuracy and efficiency towards patient is expected to fuel the global cancer diagnostics market across the globe.

The risk of cancer can be reduced possibly through diet and other lifestyle change. Tobacco is directly associated with cancer, so avoiding tobacco can reduce the risk of lung cancer. Decreasing the level of alcohol can decrease the risk of neck throat and oesophageal cancer. Physical activity to reduce the risk of cancer. Covering exposed skin by using, sunscreen lotions to reduce the risk of skin cancer or Melanoma. Cancer can be managed by many treatments like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, target therapy and palliative care.

Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. It includes medical oncology (the use of chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and other drugs to treat cancer), radiation oncology (the use of radiation therapy to treat cancer), and surgical oncology (the use of surgery and other procedures to treat cancer).