25^th World Cancer Conference October 19-20, 2017 Rome, Italy

Oliver Micke has completed his PhD from Muenster University Hospital in 2006. He is Head of the Department for Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology at Franziskus Hospital Bielefeld since 2006. In addition, he is the Medical Director of Franziskus Hospital Bielefeld, a premier teaching hospital of the Medical University of Hanover (MHH). He has published more than 200 papers in reputed national and international journals and has been serving as Reviewer as well as an Editorial Board Member of repute.

Oncology had not paid much attention to the electrolyte magnesium so far. However, it plays an important role in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes, e.g. in anti-cancerogenesis, regulation DNA- and RNA synthesis, mitosis, metastasis, nuclear repair mechanisms, and apoptosis. Therefore, magnesium definitely earns far more medical interest.In particular, in oncological therapies negatively influencing renal function, as cisplatinum, severe hypomagnesaemia can occur, as shown by own studies, which often requiring treatment. A new aspect arose from the introduction of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab in the oncological therapy, particularly in colorectal cancers. These lead by an interaction with the transient receptor potential cation channel TRPM6 in the majority of patients to a clinical hypomagnesaemia and in up to 10% to 36% of cases to severe Grad III/IV hypomagnesaemia. Thereby, interestingly it appeared that there is a significant positive correlation between hypomagnesaemia clinical response to the antibody therapy as well as to a significantly better survival. The underlying mechanism is nearly unknown, but maybe similar factors, as we postulated in hypomagnesaemia and radiotherapy, for example the inhibition of DNA repair in tumor cells. Therefore, under special circumstances a low magnesium level may be more useful for tumor patients. Another new and exciting aspect of magnesium is the treatment of hot flashes due to hormonal deprivation therapy. Magnesium is known for its neuro- and vasoactive effects. Even though there are uncountable hints in the internet on the treatment of hot flashes with magnesium – the digital search engine Google alone yields more than 253,000 hits -, only two smaller scientific studies on this topic have been carried out so

far. So far, there are only some small clinical studies and few case reports on this topic. In an own pilot study with six patients suffering from breast cancer and hot flashes under hormonal deprivation were treated with 300 to 600 mg magnesium orally over 4 to 6 weeks. In 5/6 (83%) of patients a marked improvement of symptoms was observed. Thereby the strength as well as the frequency of hot flashes was alleviated significantly. As side effects, only in one case stronger diarrhoea was observed. The exact biological mechanism of magnesium action is not yet elucidated. Recent studies from literature support our findings. In the light of the recent study data, magnesium remains a highly interesting ion for oncology, whose different facets should be more and more enlightened.

Angiolo Gadducci is currently working as Professor at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, Italy. He has extended his valuable service as oncologist has been a recipient of many award and grants. His international experience includes various programs, contributions and participation in different countries for diverse fields

of study. His research interests reflect in his wide range of publications in various national and international journals.

Hereditary epithelial ovarian cancer in germline BRCA mutation(gBRCAm) carriers has a distinct clinical behavior characterized by younger age, high- grade serous histology, advanced stage, visceral distribution of disease, high response to platinum and other non-platinum agents and better clinical outcome. Sporadic epithelial ovarian cancer with homologous recombination deficiency [HDR] but no gBRCAm has the same biological and clinical behavior as epithelial ovarian cancer in gBRCAm carrier (“BRCAness”phenotype). Biomarkers are in development to enable an accurate definition of molecularnfeatures of BRCAness phenotype, and trials are warranted to determine whether such HDR signature will predict sensitivity to poly (adenosine diphosphate[ATP-ribose] polymerases [PARP] inhibitors in sporadic epithelial ovarian cancer. Moreover, the link between PARP inhibition and angiogenesis suppression, the immunologic properties of epithelial ovarian cancer in gBRCAm carriers, the HRD induced by PI3K inhibition in epithelial ovarian cancer cells in vitro strongly support novel clinical trials testing the combination of PARP inhibitors with other biological agents.