Pechersky AV
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg
Title: Pathogenesis of somatic mutations in people with aging
Biography
Biography: Pechersky AV
Abstract
Germinative mutations determine hereditary predisposition to various diseases, initiating their early manifestation and rapid progression. At the same time, the proportion of germinative mutations is significantly less compared to the somatic mutations prevailing in humans that occur in various cells throughout their life (during ontogenesis). The appearance of malignant tumors, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and other diseases / pathological conditions in aging people is accompanied by the development of corresponding somatic mutations. Somatic mutations provide genetic fixation of compensatory-adaptive reactions (functional at the initial stage) developing in aging people in response to impaired tissue renewal / regeneration, decreased production of sex hormones and other pathological conditions. The mechanism of somatic mutations is similar to the genetic changes occurring in cells during their differentiation, and is due to the ranking of genes with the removal of non-functioning DNA sections. This is associated with irreversible changes in malignant and other cells (for example, those that have become insulin-resistant). Timely restoration of tissue renewal (regeneration) and adequate replacement of sex hormones in aging people can significantly reduce the risk of developing compensatory adaptive responses and, accordingly, subsequent somatic mutations that cause irreversible cellular changes.